پاورپوینت تدریس زبان انگلیسی (3) دوازدهم Writing درس دوم و سوم (pptx) 48 اسلاید

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تعداد اسلاید: 48 اسلاید

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GRAMMAR: TOPIC SENTENCES SUPPORTING SENTENCES CONCLUDING SENTENCES Components to cover: Topic sentences Supporting sentences Irrelevant sentences Concluding sentences WHAT IS A TOPIC SENTENCE A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a  paragraph. Sometimes referred to as a focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the paragraph by summarizing the information in the paragraph. In formal writing, the topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph. PURPOSE OF THE TOPIC SENTENCE A topic sentence essentially tells what the rest of the paragraph is about. All sentences after it, have to give more information about the sentence. For example, if the topic sentence concerns the types of endangered species that live in the ocean, then every sentence after that needs to expound on that subject.  Topic sentences also need to relate back to the thesis of the essay. The thesis statement is like a road map that will tell the reader or listener where you are going with this information or how you are treating it. Example Topic sentence: There are many reasons why pollution in Chinatown is the worst in the world . The topic is “pollution in Chinatown Town is the worst in the world” and the controlling idea is “many reasons.”   TOPIC SENTENCES AND CONTROLLING IDEAS Every topic sentence will have a topic and a controlling idea. The controlling idea shows the direction the paragraph will take. Example Topic Sentence: Dogs make wonderful pets because they help you to live longer.  The topic is "dogs make wonderful pets" and the controlling idea is "because they help you to live longer." TOPIC SENTENCES AND CONTROLLING IDEAS Each topic sentence will surely have a controlling idea that guides the statement or question. Example During the 1990s, I really enjoyed watching  Friends   on television every Thursday night. I really wanted Rachel’s haircut—I think every girl wanted Rachel’s haircut back then! Rachel’s haircut went really well with the Guess Jeans that were so popular in the 1990s. I remember all the advertisements for Guess and Calvin Klein Jeans that were in each month’s  Sassy  magazine. I don’t think  Sassy  magazine exists anymore, but it was one of the most popular magazines for young women in the 1990s. TOPIC SENTENCES The topic sentence should not be too general or too specific. When considering the options, look for a topic sentence that is general enough to show the paragraph’s main idea instead of just one of its details . Answer Thinking about the 1990s brings back a lot of memories for me about fashion and popular culture. TOPIC SENTENCES The bold sentence is one possible topic sentence for the example paragraph. Note : This is just one possible topic sentence. Y ou may have thought of others that are also appropriate. Example Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Moreover, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live. HOW WRITE A TOPIC SENTENCE? You need to summarize the main idea of your paragraph. And indicate to the reader what your paragraph will be about. Answer There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. HOW WRITE A TOPIC SENTENCE? After reading the paragraph the student will know what is the central idea of the paragraph.